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The 6-year-old boy鈥檚 eyes welled up with tears. His teacher, 30-year veteran Leigh Yelton, could see the explosive anger building in the first grader. After his mother died unexpectedly in his kindergarten year, he struggled with what his grandmother called 鈥渕ommy days,鈥� or periods during which he would often cry uncontrollably. Instead of asking him what was wrong or trying to distract him, Yelton asked him to do something simple and unexpected: go to a private part of the room and push against a wall. It worked.

Yelton learned the technique from a resilience training program that shows teachers how to help themselves鈥攁nd their students鈥攃alm the central nervous system. Stress and trauma can trigger a response in the amygdala, the part of the brain that sends the body into fight, flight, or freeze mode, hijacking the rest of the brain so it becomes focused solely on responding to or fleeing the perceived threat.

鈥淥ur thinking brain is where we process language, so if I have flipped my lid, and you talk to me, you sound like the Charlie Brown teacher,鈥� says Ann DuPre Rogers, executive director of , the nonprofit organization that conducts the training. When a person is triggered and can鈥檛 be reached through conversation, the training directs them to take a sip of water, press against a wall, or try a quick walk while paying close attention to their physical sensations.

For example, when drinking a sip of water, a participant might try to feel every droplet of water in their mouth. How does it feel as it passes over the lips? Is it cool or warm? Does it have texture? This process of closely examining sensory details聽called sensing-in聽is similar to mindfulness practices which are increasingly backed by research, and even prescribed by doctors, for addressing acute stress and trauma.

鈥淵ou notice all the sort of sensory elements of the sip,鈥� said Rogers, explaining one of the strategies that allows teachers and kids to calm their brains and bodies. Once the amygdala is calmed, she continues, 鈥渢hen the brain can come back and we can talk it through. We can make a plan.鈥�

Understanding Triggers

The simple techniques, called rapid resets, are designed for 鈥渁nyone with a nervous system,鈥� Rogers says, but they can be especially helpful in the school setting where teachers and students of all grade levels experience different levels of stress and trauma. Students or teachers who have had many adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as living in an abusive household or having an incarcerated parent, may be more easily triggered.

Rogers and her staff train teachers, counselors, and other school personnel to recognize the triggers that cause a person to 鈥渇lip their lid,鈥� or activate the stress response. Triggers in a classroom can seem minor: a student takes another student鈥檚 pencil or a student teases another student about their appearance. But even these events can spark a response rooted in mounting frustration or underlying trauma and disrupt learning鈥攆or both the student and the wider classroom.

While the methods tackle the immediate problem鈥攇etting the child to calm down is the first step鈥攖he program advises teachers to follow up and address the deeper issues as soon as they can. Getting brains back 鈥渙nline鈥� is a vital prerequisite for exploring the student鈥檚 challenges and making plans to help the child or teen self-regulate in the future.聽

鈥淭hese are quick strategies that you can implement into your classroom with a little effort, but get a big response,鈥� says Susan Puckett, a counselor at Forest Park Elementary.聽

Put On Your Mask First

Despite initial skepticism, Yelton calls the training聽鈥渢he most valuable workshop experience that I have ever been to.鈥� Like the flight directive about putting an oxygen mask on yourself before helping a child, the training encourages teachers to use the strategies for their own fight, flight, or freeze responses before teaching them to students.聽

After learning the rapid resets, Yelton tried them first on herself聽and then her husband. When she found herself growing angry, she would practice the grounding technique by focusing on the sensory experience of feeling the floor beneath her feet. The strategy brought Yelton back to a place where she could interact again.

The skills she learned in the training had immediate application in her classroom and transformed how she relates to her students. She taught her kids to imagine that their amygdala鈥攚hich produces the first inkling of anger or anxiety鈥攊s like a barking dog. When the 鈥渓id is flipped,鈥� the dog barks to alert the rest of the brain to fight, flight, or freeze, and getting children to recognize the presence of the dog is a necessary prerequisite for getting them back to a place where they can learn. In her class today, Yelton鈥檚 students use hand signals to demonstrate that a dog is in the house, periodically gesturing to indicate that they are starting to get anxious.

Before the training, if a child became upset, Yelton might ask 鈥淲hat鈥檚 wrong?鈥� and press the student to articulate the reason for their discontent. 鈥淥ften I would say, when kids were really flipping their lids, 鈥楪ive me your words. Use your words and tell me,鈥� not really thinking that they can鈥檛 do that at this point,鈥� she says.

The training sparked a paradigm shift in Yelton鈥檚 interactions with聽her students. Instead of trying to fix the problem,聽she聽approaches triggered students聽with a new sense of patience and understanding.聽She realized that聽鈥渨hen they get that out of control, they鈥檙e not in a zone where they know what鈥檚 happening. They are so amped up or so shut down... and they can鈥檛 hear you. They can鈥檛 listen.鈥澛�

Yelton related to the grief of her young student who lost his mother in a different way than she would have before the training, acknowledging his anger without trying to distract or control him. 鈥淗e was angry, and he had every single right to be angry. I never tried to change that,鈥� she said. 鈥淵ou have a right to be angry. I get it. I understand where you're coming from. I would be upset too.鈥澛�

Over time, the student鈥檚 crying became less frequent and he began to self-regulate, taking time-outs when he felt himself getting triggered. The young boy moved at the end of the year, but Yelton feels she sent him off with a toolbox of tactics he could use to deal with some of the effects of the trauma he had聽experienced.

Changing School Community

The shift in Yelton鈥檚 classroom is just one of many in the Kannapolis City School system, a small district in the central part of the state that began training school personnel in the resilience practices in 2016.聽

Teachers and staff appreciate the simplicity of the practices and their easy implementation in the classroom. 鈥淚 remember walking out and thinking I can use this tomorrow. I don鈥檛 have to wait,鈥� says elementary school psychologist Amy Roberts. 鈥淚 don鈥檛 have to prepare anything. I don鈥檛 have to make anything. I can just do it.鈥澛�

The practices have created a positive shift in the overall school culture at Forest Park. 鈥淭eachers would come to my office and say, 鈥業 did this and this worked for these kids. I haven鈥檛 seen anything work like this before,鈥欌�� says counselor Puckett.聽

The shared practices have created a common language in the school community. Fourth grade teacher Kelcie Lewis says her students know the strategies and respond when they observe her using them. 鈥淚f I am getting frustrated waiting for them to pay attention or if they鈥檙e not getting a skill, I might just go over and lean against the wall and they鈥檙e like, 鈥楿h oh, guys, Mrs. Lewis is about to blow her lid,鈥欌�� she says.

Bringing themselves back to a calm state is critical for teachers to avoid exacerbating triggers students may be experiencing. 鈥淭hrough the training, I learned that even the way that you approach the room can make such a difference,鈥� says Martha Motley, principal of Forest Park Elementary. 鈥淚f you get called if there鈥檚 a fight, a disturbance, or a student being disrespectful, and you show up... escalated, even from the quick walk there, then kids are going to respond differently.鈥�

When school takes place in-person, Forest Park teachers create physical space for students who need to take a break and reset. Lewis set up a corner of her classroom for her students to try the strategies with a wall adorned with posters of typical emotions along with more specific synonyms. If a child says, 鈥淚鈥檓 mad,鈥� she asks聽for a more nuanced understanding of their feelings鈥攁re they betrayed, frustrated, or annoyed? For kids who can鈥檛 yet read, Yelton uses a board with emotion words, coupled with pictures depicting a range of emotional states.

鈥淭he student knows that they can go to the calm down corner and do those strategies without the teacher, or they can let the teacher know that they need help,鈥� says teacher Lindsay Stowe.聽