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As Carl Sagan once said, 鈥淵ou have to know the past to understand the present.鈥� But great history teachers know that doesn鈥檛 mean you need to rely on ancient teaching tools.

Fortunately, cutting-edge digital software鈥攎uch of it free鈥攃an breathe new life into history lessons, allowing students to drop into historical venues, converse with long-dead presidents or kings, and inhabit eras in ways that can shift their perspective.

While it can be hard to separate the wheat from the chaff, the best digital tools are ones that 鈥渟upport student engagement as they make rich and meaningful connections to people from the past,鈥� writes Matthew Farber, an associate professor of educational technology at the University of Northern Colorado.

We鈥檝e compiled a list of seven teacher-tested tools, and we lay out how educators are using them both to enhance their lessons and to bring history closer to the present than ever.

AI-generated images spice up lessons

AI image generators are fun to mess around with鈥攂ut they can also help drive critical thinking in the history classroom. Teachers can use them to generate fantastical images from before the dawn of photography, explained history educator and edtech expert James Beeghley in a . For his U.S. history classes, Beeghley had the AI generate photograph-style images of scenes like the signing of the Constitution and Lincoln鈥檚 Gettysburg Address, which he then added to his class presentations. World history teachers can go even further back in time, asking the AI what it looked like when visitors flocked to the Roman Colosseum, for instance. Teachers can use free image generators from , , or to produce these images, then drop them into class presentations. (We recommend specifying 鈥減hotograph-style鈥� in your prompt for maximum realism.)

Beeghley warns that AI image outputs tend to be full of inaccuracies鈥攂ut that can help create an engaging lesson. After generating a fake historical image based on your current unit of study鈥攑erhaps an intentionally deceptive one, such as of two famous figures who never met鈥攃hallenge students to point out all the flaws and anachronisms they can find.

iCivics offers short games about governance

鈥攁 nonprofit founded by former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O鈥機onnor鈥攁ims to improve civics education in America through free games. And unlike many other educational websites, the games feel modern鈥攏ot as if they鈥檙e from the age of dial-up internet.

Thanks to iCivics鈥� games, 鈥渨hen I taught social studies to middle school kids, I observed their engagement with content that might otherwise be boring to 12- and 13-year-olds,鈥� writes Matthew Farber. 鈥淔or instance, to help students learn about the Bill of Rights, I had them play 鈥�,鈥� a game where players learn experientially by running a civil rights law firm.鈥� Other games include , where students see the ins and outs of local governance, and , which challenges students to craft a bill and try to get it through Congress.

iCivics now has about , each lasting from around 10 to 30 minutes. After students play the games, 鈥渢he next step for the teacher is to create a great performance assessment鈥攁lthough iCivics provides great reflective activities to use after the game has been played,鈥� notes social studies director Andrew Miller.

AI history chatbots are fun fodder for critical analysis

While history teachers can鈥檛 get Napoleon or Eleanor Roosevelt in class as a guest speaker, AI can help students 鈥渋nteract鈥� with historical figures. In a , edtech professor Maureen Yoder suggested that teachers check out 鈥攁 ChatGPT-powered app that can let students carry out conversations with dozens of figures from around the world, from Cleopatra to Mahatma Gandhi. 

The app is free until users hit a 20-message daily limit鈥攕o another option is to go directly to ChatGPT and prompt it, 鈥淧lease roleplay as Thomas Edison for the rest of our conversation.鈥� When we tried it, the AI did a fairly good job of staying in character鈥攔efuting the notion that he stole ideas from Nikola Tesla by saying, 鈥淚n the world of invention, it is not uncommon for individuals to draw inspiration from one another鈥檚 work and build upon existing ideas.鈥� Though it misrepresented Edison鈥檚 childhood hearing loss, suggesting it wasn鈥檛 until his elder years that he developed partial deafness.

But that, too, presents an opportunity, as the dubious quality of AI-generated information can be made part of the assignment. Before his students write biographical essays, has students closely inspect history-related output from ChatGPT to identify 鈥渇actual errors and information that was missing crucial context,鈥� then spend some time editing the AI鈥檚 output to correct the errors and inaccuracies.

Minecraft gives a hands-on understanding of ancient buildings

When ancient structures or famous buildings come up in class, students can benefit from a deeper understanding of how those structures were built. To that end, some teachers are using 鈥攖he popular game that lets players gather resources and build blocky structures out of wood, stone, and more.

In a lesson on ancient Egypt, for example, students can dive into a digital Minecraft world 鈥渋n groups of two or three鈥� and gather resources to 鈥渃reate structures that show where Egyptians ate and lived,鈥� suggests Meenoo Rami, a former English teacher affiliated with Minecraft鈥檚 Mentor Program. Or, instead of a blank world, teachers can help students load up one of Minecraft Education鈥檚 prefabricated lessons. There鈥檚 one that teaches about the construction of ; another that has students reconstruct in Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan; and another that has students rebuild the inside of . Minecraft Education isn鈥檛 free (unlike the other tools on this list), but administrators can buy schoolwide subscriptions at a discount.

Google Arts & Culture鈥檚 games make art history fun

If your history class covers art movements, cultural eras, or ancient artifacts and monuments, then is quite possibly the site you鈥檝e been dreaming of. The free-to-use website has incredibly diverse resources: thousands of , of famous buildings and sculptures, and 360-degree of museums like New York鈥檚 Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Google Arts & Culture also offers a wide variety of educational games. Here are two of them:

• 鈥� Players must try to identify the AI-generated 鈥渋mposters鈥� hidden next to three actual artifacts or works of art. (For example, 鈥淔ind the AI Generated Throne.鈥�) Students click any of the real works of art to learn more about them. There鈥檚 also a media literacy aspect: The more kids play, the better they may get at identifying AI-generated imagery based on telltale signs like a lack of concrete detail and some fuzziness around the edges. (Still, it鈥檚 quite hard, even on your 20th try.)
• 鈥� Another challenging game, this one asks players to manipulate a spinning ball of clay and re-create ancient works of pottery from around the world. Students get a hands-on understanding of this ancient art form鈥攚ithout the mess of real clay.

Recording podcasts turns students into historians

Podcasts are all the rage. But rather than having students listen to podcasts, some history teachers are encouraging students to produce their own.

In her ISTE presentation, Maureen Yoder proposed having small groups of students script podcasts with conversations between figures who never actually met in real life鈥攍ike Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton, or Harriet Tubman and Rosa Parks. Students must decide, based on what they鈥檝e learned, what these figures would likely say to each other. Then, members of each group can record the lines in character or input the script into . Groups can edit the podcasts together using free audio editing software like .

Besides historical fiction podcasts, students can become genuine historians by recording and archiving conversations with elders in their communities. Inspired by , a nonprofit that aims to preserve stories from Americans of all backgrounds, Director of Technology and Innovation Kevin Brookhouser has his students prepare a list of questions and record conversations with their grandparents. 鈥淭his is not just about sharing family stories; it鈥檚 the academic work of a historian, creating primary sources for future scholars as we piece together our past,鈥� he writes. Recording is easy, Brookhouser explains; students can use their phone or tablet or a on their Chromebook.

Mission US offers free games about American history

Many U.S. history teachers appreciate the story-driven games from . The games鈥攃omplete with voice acting and animated cutscenes鈥攈ave students play as a fictional child from a real era of American history and make difficult moral and strategic decisions. In one such game, , 鈥渟tudents are put in the shoes of a printer鈥檚 apprentice in 1770 Boston and encounter both Patriots and Loyalists around the time of the Boston Massacre,鈥� writes Rebecca Rufo-Tepper, a director of digital learning and former public school teacher. 鈥淭he goal is for students to choose where their loyalties lie. Along the way, they engage in empathy and explore issues of liberty, equality, and perspective.鈥� Rufo-Tepper recommends playing the game collectively at the whiteboard, having the class discuss what choices to make, before letting students break out to play it individually.

Other games on the site include 1866, Westward Expansion: ; 1907, The Immigrant Experience: ; and 1960, The Civil Rights Movement: . It鈥檚 worth noting that each game takes one to two and a half hours to finish, so they鈥檙e not feasible to complete in one sitting. However, the site does save progress with a free account, so history teachers could spread out the gameplay over multiple class periods or assign it as homework.